Janet Thompson* never smoked a day in her life. Yet, in some sick twist of fate, she was diagnosed with stage 4 adenocarcinoma, a type of lung cancer. This diagnosis was even more shocking, as she had no cough or shortness of breath. Her only symptoms were a loss of appetite and a sharp pain which stretched from under her right breast to her lower back. Her general practitioner brushed it off as a simple muscle spasm.
Thompson says, “I remember going to bed one Saturday night and it was so painful that I had to call a doctor and ask her to provide an X-ray form so that I could do one because something must be wrong. It couldn’t be just a muscle spasm.” She was right. She did an X-ray of the chest and spine, and was then recommended to do a CT scan of the chest and an executive profile. “That is when my world turned upside down,” she says.
Lung cancer defined
Lung cancer is a serious illness that begins with abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells in the lungs, the organ that powers our breathing. It often presents symptoms like a persistent dry cough, shortness of breath or even coughing up blood. In some cases, it may cause unexpected headaches or bone pain as the disease spreads to other parts of the body. In Thompson’s case, this pain was in her chest and back.
Unfortunately, many people with lung cancer experience no symptoms until the disease has advanced, making it a silent but significant threat. While smoking is a well-known cause, non-smokers like Thompson are increasingly being diagnosed. Consultant Hematologist and Oncologist at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Dr. Dwight Lowe, highlights this trend: “There are more and more persons being diagnosed with lung cancer, having never smoked and never been exposed to second-hand smoke.” He also notes another troubling trend – younger individuals being diagnosed with lung cancer.
The Risk Beyond Smoking
Studies show that inhaling second-hand smoke can be even more dangerous than smoking itself. This is especially concerning since non-smokers exposed to such risks remain vulnerable. Additionally, environmental factors like asbestos exposure and genetic predispositions can contribute to the disease.
Dr. Lowe states that most cases; however, involve individuals with a history of significant smoking, such as smoking a pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years or more. He says screening can help detect lung cancer early, and encourages smokers and those with a history of smoking to get a low-dose CT scan of the chest annually from age 50.
While some consider vaping, a safer alternative to smoking, research reveals it can still harm lung tissue and cause inflammation. The long-term effects are still under study, but caution is advised.
Prevention and Treatment
When it comes to any condition, prevention is better than cure. In the case of lung cancer, Dr. Lowe suggests avoiding smoking, steering clear of second-hand smoke and protecting yourself from harmful environmental exposures. Thompson, who is still receiving treatment, also has some recommendations. “I suggest, at least once per year, to get your blood work done, particularly your carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. Another thing I recommend is, no matter where in your body you might feel a little pain, you must take the initiative to zoom in on it.”
For persons diagnosed with lung cancer, treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted drug therapies, or radiation, depending on the cancer’s stage and type. Fortunately, for Jamaicans, lung cancer is covered under the NHFCard and patients can receive some of the drugs they need at subsidised costs.
Taking care of your lungs and your entire body today can safeguard your health tomorrow. Pay attention to any lingering cough or unusual chest pain, and always consult your doctor if you have concerns.
Your lungs are vital – protect them!
